Unit 2: Our Human Values and Beliefs
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Unit - 2
पाठ १
हाम्रा आदर्श व्यवहार
This unit focuses on the fundamental values and beliefs that shape human behavior and relationships. It highlights virtues like love, compassion, tolerance, and respect for diversity, emphasizing their role in creating a peaceful and equitable society.
The chapter encourages understanding and preserving cultural and moral values, promoting unity and harmony among individuals and communities.
१. न्यायिक व्यवहार भनेको के हो ?
Answer 👉 न्यायिक व्यवहार भनेको समुदायमा हुने विवादमा कसैको पक्ष नलिई वास्तविक समस्यामा परेकाका पक्षमा अडिक रहने र अर्को पक्षलाई विश्वासमा लिएर समाधान गर्ने व्यवहार हो ।
२. न्यायिक व्यवहार पालना गर्ने तरिकाको सूची बनाउनुहोस् ।
Answer 👉 न्यायिक व्यवहार पालना गर्ने तरिका :Answer 👉
(क) शान्त र संयमित रहने
(ख) तनावबाट बच्ने
(ग) सकारात्मक सोच राख्ने
(घ) कसैको पनि पक्ष नलिने
(ङ) सबै पक्षलाई विश्वासमा लिने
(च) वास्तविक समस्यामा परेकाको पक्षमा अडिग रहने ।
३. मानसिक शान्ति भनेको के हो ?
Answer 👉 मानसिक शान्ति भनेको तनावबाट बची शान्त र संयमित रहने तथा मेलमिलाप र विश्वासको वातावरण अभिवृद्धि गर्ने अवस्था हो ।
४. शान्त र संयमित व्यवहार भएको व्यक्तिलाई किन सबैले मन पराउँछन् ? आफ्नो विचार प्रस्तुत गर्नुहोस् ।
Answer 👉 शान्त र संयमित व्यवहार भएको व्यक्तिले न्यायिक व्यवहार प्रदर्शन गर्छ । त्यस्तै उसले विवादलाई होसियार साथ समाधान गर्छ । सधैँ सकारात्मक सोच राख्छ । सिर्जनात्मक काममा आफूलाई व्यस्त राखी सहयोग र समानुभूति प्रदर्शन गर्छ । त्यस्तै अरूका विचारलाई समेत शान्त र संयमित व्यवहार भएको व्यक्तिले सम्मान गर्छ । तसर्थ शान्त र संयमित व्यवहार भएको व्यक्तिलाई सबैले मन पराउँछन् ।
५. अरूको ईर्ष्या गर्ने र अहित सोच्ने बानी राम्रो होइन, किन ? आफ्नो विचार दिनुहोस् ।
Answer 👉 हामीले जहिले पनि आदर्श व्यवहार प्रदर्शन गर्नुपर्छ । दया, करुणा, मानवता, समता, सत्यता, निष्पक्षता, शान्त र संयमित, असल बोलीवचन जस्ता मानव मूल्यको पालनाले नै हामीलाई सबैको प्रिय बनाउँछ । अरूको अहित सोच्ने र ईर्ष्या गर्ने बानीले हामी सधैँ तनावमा पर्छौं । हामीलाई कसैले मन पनि पराउँदैनन् । त्यसैले अरूको ईर्ष्या गर्ने र अहित सोच्ने बानी राम्रो होइन ।
६. जीवजन्तुलाई दुःख कष्ट दिने कुरा मानवका लागि राम्रो होइन, यस भनाइलाई पुष्टि गर्नुहोस्।
Answer 👉 जीवजन्तुलाई दुःखकष्ट दिने कुरा मानव मूल्यअन्तर्गत पर्दैन । हामी परोपकारी बन्नुपर्छ । सबै प्राणीको भलो चिताउनुपर्छ । जीवजन्तुको पनि आफ्नै महत्त्व रहेको छ । मानवका लागि पनि जीवजन्तुको आवश्यकता पर्छ । अहिले तन पशुपन्छीका अधिकारका कुरा पनि व्यापक बन्दै गएको छ । तसर्थ जीवजन्तुलाई दुःख कष्द दिने कुरा मानवका लागि राम्रो होइन ।
७. परिवारमा उत्पन्न विवादको समाधान कसरी गर्न सकिन्छ, लेख्नुहोस् ।
Answer 👉 सबैलाई समान व्यवहार गर्ने, एक अर्काका कुरा सुन्ने, संयमित बन्ने, तनाव व्यवस्थापन गर्ने र मानसिक शान्ति कायम गर्ने जस्ता तरिका अपनाएर परिवारमा उत्पन्न विवाद समाधान गर्न सकिन्छ ।
पाठ २
नेपालमा प्रचलित सामाजिक परम्परा र प्रचलन
१. भेजा कस्तो परम्परा हो ?
Answer 👉 भेजा मगर समुदायको मौलिक परम्परा हो । यस प्रथामा सरोभाइ अर्थात् तेर दिने दाजुभाइले सम्बन्धित परिवारलाई विभिन्न संस्कार गर्न आवश्यक नगद तथा जिन्सी गच्छेअनुसार सङ्कलन गरी दिने गरिन्छ ।
२. पर्म परम्पराको महत्त्व लेख्नुहोस् ।
Answer 👉 पर्म कृषि कार्यमा श्रम सहयोग लिने र दिने एक प्रकारको असल अभ्यास हो । यस परम्परामा एक परिवारले अर्को परिवारलाई समान रूपमा श्रमको सहयोग आदानप्रदान गरिन्छ । कृषि कार्यमा कामको मारामार भएको समयमा यो परम्परा विशेष लाभदायी हुन्छ । यसका साथै पैसा नहुने परिवारले समेत यस परम्पराबाट श्रम आदान प्रदान गरी कृषि कार्य सम्पन्न गर्न सक्छन् । तसर्थ पर्म परम्परा महत्त्वपूर्ण रहेको छ ।
३. गुठी र रोदी परम्पराबिच तुलना गर्नुहोस् ।
Answer 👉 गुठी नेवारी समुदायमा बढी प्रचलित परम्परा हो भने रोदी गुरुङ समुदायमा प्रचलित परम्परा हो । गुठीले नेवारी समुदायमा मनाइने जन्मदेखि मृत्युसम्मका सबै संस्कारको व्यवस्थापन गर्छ । यस परम्पराले संस्कृतिको संरक्षण, सञ्चालन र रेखदेख गर्ने काम गर्दै आएको छ । त्यस्तै रोदी परम्परामा अभिभावकका साथमा गुरुङ युवायुवती रोदी घरमा उपस्थित भई गीत र नाच प्रस्तुत गर्छन् । यसका साथै रोदीमा भोलि हुने कामको बाँडफाँड गर्ने, मेलापर्वमा सहभागी हुने सल्लाह गर्ने कामसमेत गरिन्छ ।
४. “ढिकर थकालीहरूको आर्थिक गतिविधि सञ्चालन गर्ने परम्परागत प्रचलन हो।" यस भनाइलाई पुष्टि गर्नुहोस् ।
Answer 👉 ढिकुर परम्परामा थकाली समुदायका व्यक्तिहरूबाट तोकिएको रकम सङ्कलन गरिन्छ । सङ्कलन गरिएको एकमुष्ट रकमलाई आवश्यकता र आपसी सहमतिको आधारमा तोकिएको सदस्यले प्रयोग गर्छ । यो प्रक्रिया आवश्यकताका आधारमा सबै सदस्यले रकम प्रयोग गर्न पाउने गरी सञ्चालन गरिन्छ । यस प्रचलनले पुँजी निर्माण गरी आर्थिक क्रियाकलाप गर्न निकै ठुलो सहयोग गरेको पाइन्छ । तसर्थ ढिकुर परम्परा थकालीहरूको आर्थिक गतिविधि सञ्चालन गर्ने परम्परागत प्रचलन हो।
५. माइजन परम्पराका कुनै तीन फाइदा लेख्नुहोस् ।
Answer 👉 माइजन परम्पराका तीन फाइदाहरू निम्न छन् :Answer 👉
(क) आपसी सहमतिका आधारमा अगुवा अर्थात् माइजन चुनिने
(ख) भैझगडा मिलाई मेलमिलाप कायम गर्न सहयोग पुग्ने
(ग) जन्मदेखि मृत्युसम्मका मौलिक परम्पराको संरक्षण हुने ।
६. बडघर परम्पराका कुनै तीनओटा राम्रा पक्ष उल्लेख गर्नुहोस् ।
Answer 👉 बडघर परम्पराका तीनओटा राम्रा पक्ष :Answer 👉
(क) थारु समुदायको नेतृत्व गर्ने
(ख) सहमतिका आधारमा बडघरको छनोट गरिने
(ग) मेलमिलाप, विकास निर्माणदेखि संस्कारको संरक्षण र प्रवर्धन गर्ने ।
पाठ ३
नेपालमा जातिगत परम्परा र संस्कार
१. नेपाललाई बहुसांस्कृतिक देश किन भनिएको हो ?
Answer 👉 नेपाल बहुजातीय देश हो । यहाँ विभिन्न जातिका विभिन्न प्रचलन र संस्कारहरू रहेका छन् । नेपालका सबै जातजातिमा आआफ्नै परम्परा, प्रचलन र संस्कार रहेका छन् । प्रत्येक जातिका जन्मदेखि मृत्युसम्म अपनाइने संस्क फरक फरक रहेका छन् । चाडपर्व, खानपान, रहनसहन पनि विविध किसिमका रहेका छन् । तसर्थ नेपाललाई बहुसांस्कृतिक देश भनिएको हो ।
२. यादव र ब्राम्हण जातिको जन्म, विवाह र मृत्यु संस्कारबिच तुलना गर्नुहोस् ।
Answer 👉 यादव जातिमा जन्म संस्कारअन्तर्गत बच्चा जन्मेको छैटौं दिनमा छटियार गरिन्छ भने एउटै जातिको फरक गोत्रमा मागी विवाहको प्रचलन रहेको छ । त्यस्तै शवलाई नदी किनारमा जलाउने, सेतो कपडा लगाई कपाल खौरिने, मृत्यु भएको १३ दिनमा किरिया कर्म गरिने संस्कार रहेको छ । ब्राह्मण जातिको जन्म संस्कारअन्तर्गत बच्चा जन्मेको ११ औँ दिनमा न्वारन गरिन्छ भने विवाह पनि गर्दा मागी विवाह फरक थर र गोत्रमा गरिन्छ । मृत्यु संस्कार भने यादव जातिसँग मिल्दो रहेको छ । नदी किनारमा शव जलाउने, कपाल खौरेर सेतो कपडा लगाउने, मृत्यु भएको १३ दिनमा किरिया कर्म गर्ने प्रचलन रहेको छ ।
३. जातिगत परम्परा र संस्कारको महत्त्व उल्लेख गर्नुहोस् ।
Answer 👉 जातिगत परम्परा र संस्कारको महव :Answer 👉
(क) जातिगत परम्परा र संस्कार हाम्रा मौलिक पहिचान र गौरव हुन् ।
(ख) जातिगत परम्परा र संस्कारले नै हामीलाई विश्वमा बहुसांस्कृतिक मुलुकका रूपमा चिनाएको छ ।
(ग) पर्यटन प्रवर्धन गरी आय आर्जन गर्न सकिन्छ ।
(घ) मुलुकलाई सांस्कृतिक रूपमा समृद्ध तुल्याएको छ ।
(ङ) सामाजिक एकता, मेलमिलाप र सामाजिकीकरणमा
पुगेको छ ।
(च) स्वाभिमान र आत्मनिर्भर बन्न प्रेरित गरेको छ।
४. नेपाली परम्परा र संस्कार संरक्षणमा तपाइँले खेल्ने भूमिका उल्लेख गर्नुहोस् ।
Answer 👉 नेपाली परम्परा र संस्कार संरक्षणमा मैले खेल्ने भूमिका निम्न छन् :Answer 👉
(क) मौलिक परम्परा र संस्कारको पालना गर्ने
(ख) सचेतना जगाउने
(ग) विदेशी संस्कृतिको मोह त्याग्ने
(घ) मौलिक परम्परा र संस्कारको खोजी कार्यमा सघाउने
(ङ) परम्परा पुस्तान्तरणमा आवश्यक भूमिका खेल्ने ।
पाठ ४
हाम्रा धार्मिक एवम् सांस्कृतिक क्रियाकलाप
१. नेपालमा प्रचलित धर्महरूको सूची बनाउनुहोस् ।
Answer 👉 नेपालमा प्रचलित धर्महरू :Answer 👉
(क) हिन्दु (ख) बौद्ध (ग) किराँत (घ) इस्लाम (ङ) सिख (च) जैन (छ) इसाई (ज) प्रकृति (झ) बहाई (ञ) बोन
२. बौद्ध र हिन्दु धर्ममा गरिने सांस्कृतिक र धार्मिक क्रियाकलापबिच तुलना गर्नुहोस् ।
Answer 👉 बौद्ध धर्मावलम्बीहरू गुम्बा र चैत्यमा गएर पूजा आराधना गर्छन् भने बुद्ध जयन्ती लगायतका चाडपर्व मनाउँछन् । अहिंसाको पक्षपोषण गर्नु, सत्यको पालना गर्नु, बुद्धको सन्देश प्रवाह गर्नु यस धर्मका प्रमुख धार्मिक क्रियाकलाप हुन् । त्यस्तै हिन्दु धर्मावलम्बी मठमन्दिरमा गएर पूजापाठ गर्छन् भने दसैँ, तिहार, तिज, छठ, होली जस्ता चाडपर्व मनाउँछन्। परोपकार गर्नु, दान गर्नु, व्रत बस्नु, यस धर्मका मुख्य धार्मिक क्रियाकलाप हुन् ।
३. किराँत धर्मावलम्बीको धार्मिक र सांस्कृतिक क्रियाकलाप सम्बन्धमा एक अनुच्छेद लेख्नुहोस् ।
Answer 👉 किराँत धर्माबलम्बीहरू प्रकृति पूजक हुन् । यो धर्मको धार्मिक ग्रन्थ मुन्धुम हो । किराँतहरू मूलत: धान नाच, चण्डी नाच जस्ता धार्मिक पर्व मनाउँछन् । त्यस्तै उँधौली र उभौली पर्व यस धर्मका सांस्कृतिक पर्व हुन् । यिनीहरू सुम्निमा र पारुहाङको पूजा गर्छन् ।
४. तपाईँको समुदायमा प्रचलित धार्मिक क्रियाकलापले आपसी सद्भाव र भाइचार बढाउन कसरी मदत पुऱ्याएको छ, लेख्नुहोस् ।
Answer 👉 मेरो समुदायमा प्रचलित विभिन्न धर्मका धार्मिक क्रियाकलापहरू मूलत: परोपकार र सेवासँग सम्बन्धित छन् । एक धर्मले आयोजना गर्ने धार्मिक क्रियाकलापमा अन्य धर्मका व्यक्ति निमन्त्रणा गर्ने प्रचलन रहेको छ । सबै धर्म समान हुन् भन्ने भावना लिएर हिन्दु धर्मका व्यक्तिले बुद्धलाई समेत भगवान्का रूपमा नै पूजा गर्छन् । त्यस्तै बौद्धहरू पनि हिन्दु धर्मका देवीदेउतालाई उत्तिकै श्रद्धा गर्छन् । यसरी मेरो समुदायमा प्रचलित विभिन्न धर्मका धार्मिक क्रियाकलापले आपसी सद्भाव र भाइचारा बढाउन मदत पुर्याएको छ ।
पाठ ५
विविधतामा एकता
१. विविधता भनेको के हो ?
Answer 👉 : एकै किसिमको वा एउटै मात्र नभएर फरक फरक किसिमको हुनुलाई विविधता भनिन्छ । नेपालमा धेरै धर्म मान्ने मानिसहरूको बसोबास रहेको छ । यो धार्मिक विविधता भयो । हिमाल, पहाड, तराई जस्ता विभिन्न किसिमका भूबनोट रहेको छ । यो भौगोलिक विविधता भयो ।
२. "नेपाल बहुभाषिक, बहुधार्मिक र बहुजातीय देश हो ।" यस भनाइलाई पुष्टि गर्नुहोस् ।
Answer 👉 : नेपालमा १२३ ओटा भन्दा धेरै भाषाहरू बोलिन्छन् । यहाँ नेपाली, मैथिली, भोजपुरी, थारु, तामाङ, नेवारी लगायतका विभिन्न भाषाहरू बोलिन्छन् । त्यस्तै हाम्रो देशमा दशओटा भन्दा बढी धर्म मान्ने मानिसहरूको बसोबास रहेको छ । यहाँ हिन्दु, बौद्ध, किराँत, इस्लाम लगायतका धर्म मानिन्छन् । त्यस्तै यस देशमा ब्राह्मण, क्षेत्री, मगर, थारु, तामाङ, नेवार, कामी, मुसलमान, यादव, राई लगायतका १२५ भन्दा बढी जातका मानिसको बसोबास रहेको छ । तसर्थ नेपाल बहुभाषिक, बहुधार्मिक र बहुजातीय देश हो ।
३. नेपालका कुनै ८ ओटा राष्ट्रभाषाको सूची बनाउनुहोस्।
Answer 👉 : नेपालका ८ ओटा राष्ट्रभाषाहरू निम्न छन् :Answer 👉
नेपाली, मैथिली, भोजपुरी, थारु, तामाङ, नेवारी (नेपाल), अवधी, बज्जिका ।
४. 'विविधतामा एकता नेपालको विशेषता' भन्ने भनाइलाई उदाहरणसहित पुष्टि गर्नुहोस् ।
Answer 👉 : नेपालमा भौगोलिक, क्षेत्रीय, धार्मिक, भाषिक, वर्गीय, लैङ्गिक, सांस्कृतिक, पेसा आदिम विविधता रहेको छ । यो नेपालको मौलिक पहिचान हो । यी सबै विविधताका बिचमा पनि हामी सबै नेपाली हौं भन्ने भावना छ । हरेकले आफ्नो संरक्षण गर्दै अर्काको परम्परा, भाषा, धर्म, संस्कृतिको सम्मान गर्ने र एक अर्काका कार्यक्रममा सहभागिता जनाउने गर्छन् । जात, भाषा, धर्म आदिका नाममा यहाँ प्राचीनकालदेखि नै विभाजनको मानसिकता छैन । यही विविधतामा एकताको भावना नै नेपालको विश्वमै नमुना हो, यो नेपालको विशेषता हो ।
पाठ ६
नेपालमा सामाजिक सद्भाव, सहिष्णुता र एकता
१. सामाजिक सद्भाव कायम गर्ने कुनै पाँच उपाय लेख्नुहोस् ।
Answer 👉 : सामाजिक सद्भाव कायम गर्ने उपायहरू :Answer 👉
(क) मिलेर बस्ने
(ख) एक अर्काको सुखदुःखमा साथ दिने
(ग) चाडपर्वमा सहभागिता जनाउने
(घ) शुभकामना आदानप्रदान गर्ने
(ङ) सहिष्णु व्यवहार गर्ने
(च) विविधताको सम्मान गर्ने ।
२. सामाजिक एकता कायम गर्दा हुने फाइदाहरू लेख्नुहोस् ।
Answer 👉 : सामाजिक एकता कायम गर्दा हुने फाइदाहरू निम्न छन् :Answer 👉
(क) गौरव र पहिचान कायम हुन्छ ।
(ख) उन्नति प्रगति गर्न सजिलो हुन्छ ।
(ग) डरत्रासको वातावरणमा बस्नु पर्दैन ।
(घ) सामाजिक सद्भाव कायम हुन्छ ।
(ङ) एकता कायम हुँदा समाज बलियो हुन्छ ।
(च) सबैमा आत्मसम्मानको वातावरण कायम हुन्छ ।
३. नेपालका धार्मिक सहिष्णुताका उदाहरणहरू दिनुहोस्।
Answer 👉 : नेपालमा धार्मिक सहिष्णुताका उदाहरणहरू :Answer 👉
(क) परापूर्व कालदेखि नै सबै धर्म मिलेर बसेका
(ख) प्रताप मल्लले काठमाडौँमा पादरीलाई बस्न अनुमति दिएका
(ग) पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले मुस्लिम कालिगढ ल्याएका
(घ) जानकी मन्दिर परिसरमा मस्जिद रहनु
(ङ) काठमाडौँमा रहेका मस्जिद
(च) मुक्तिनाथ मन्दिर हिन्दु तथा बौद्धहरूको आस्थाको केन्द्र ।
४. 'धार्मिक सहिष्णुताले नेपाली समाज एकताबद्ध भएको छ ।' यस भनाइलाई उदाहरणसहित पुष्टि गर्नुहोस्।
Answer 👉 : नेपालमा १० ओटाभन्दा बढी धर्म मान्ने मान्छेहरू रहेका छन् । प्राचीनकाल देखि नै विभिन्न धर्म मान्ने मानिसहरू नेपालमा मिलेर बसोबास गरिरहेका छन् । हिन्दु, बौद्ध, मुस्लिम लगायतका धर्मावलम्बीहरू एकै ठाउँमा सद्भाव र सम्मानका साथ बसिरहेका छन् । यहाँ धर्मका नाममा भैझगडा भएको इतिहास छैन । पशुपति, स्वयम्भूनाथ, मुक्तिनाथ हिन्दु र बौद्ध धर्मावलम्बीहरूको साझा आस्थाको केन्द्र बनेको छ । जानकी मन्दिर परिसरमा मस्जिद रहेको छ। मन्दिरैमन्दिरको सहर काठमाडौँमा रहेको मस्जिदमा सबैको सम्मान रहेको छ । तसर्थ धार्मिक सहिष्णुताले नेपाली समाज एकताबद्ध भएको छ ।
पाठ ७
नेपालका राष्ट्रिय सम्पदाहरू
१. सम्पदा भनेको के हो ?
Answer 👉 : हाम्रा पूर्वजबाट प्राप्त राष्ट्रिय महत्व बोकेका तथा हाम्रो पहिचान र गौरवका रूपमा रहेका महत्वपूर्ण तथा संरक्षणयोग्य स्थान, वस्तु, कला, संस्कृति, प्राकृतिक स्थल जस्ता कुराहरूलाई सम्पदा भनिन्छ ।
२. प्राकृतिक र सांस्कृतिक सम्पदाको फरक छुट्याउनुहोस् ।
Answer 👉 : प्राकृतिक सम्पदा प्रकृतिमा उपलब्ध स्रोतसाधन हुन् । नदी, खोला, ताल, वनजङ्गल, पहाड, हिमाल आदि प्राकृतिक सम्पदाका उदाहरण हुन् । त्यस्तै विगतदेखि प्रचलन र प्रयोगमा रहेका संस्कार, संस्कृति, मूल्य, मान्यता जस्ता कुरा सांस्कृतिक सम्पदा हुन् । धार्मिक स्थल, भाषा, कला, लवाइखवाइ, जीवन शैली जस्ता कुरा सांस्कृतिक सम्पदाका उदाहरण हुन् । तसर्थ सांस्कृतिक र प्राकृतिक सम्पदामा फरक रहेको छ ।
३. राष्ट्रिय सम्पदाको संरक्षणका उपायहरू लेख्नुहोस् ।
Answer 👉 : राष्ट्रिय सम्पदाको संरक्षणका उपायहरू निम्न छन् :Answer 👉
(क) सम्पदाको विवेकपूर्ण उपयोगमा ध्यान दिने
(ख) अतिक्रमण हुनबाट जोगाउने
(ग) सम्पदा वरपर सरसफाइ गर्ने
(घ) सम्पदाको महत्वबारे जनचेतना फैल्याउने
(ङ) जीर्ण सम्पदाको जीर्णोद्वार र पुननिर्माण गर्ने
(च) प्रदूषण हुन नदिने ।
४. 'नेपालको सांस्कृतिक सम्पदा नेपालका पहिचान हुन् ।' भन्ने भनाइलाई पुष्टि गर्नुहोस् ।
Answer 👉 : नेपाल सांस्कृतिक विविधता भएको मुलुक हो । यहाँ धेरै जातजातिहरू रहेका छन् । ती जातजातिका आआफ्नै प्रचलन, मूल्यमान्यता, रीतिरिवाज, लवाइखवाइ, भाषा आदि रहेका छन् । तराईदेखि हिमालसम्म यहाँ धेरै किसिमका संस्कृतिहरू रहेका छन् । काठमाडौँ उपत्यकाका विविध संस्कृतिदेखि तराईको विविधताले हामीलाई सांस्कृतिक रूपमा सम्पन्न मुलुक बनाएको छ । तसर्थ नेपालको सांस्कृतिक सम्पदा नेपालका पहिचान र गौरव हुन् ।
५. नेपालको प्राकृतिक सम्पदाको महत्व लेख्नुहोस् ।
Answer 👉 : नेपालको प्राकृतिक सम्पदाको महत्व निम्न छ :Answer 👉
(क) नेपाललाई प्राकृतिक विविधताले भरिएको मुलुकको पहिचान दिलाएको
(ख) विश्वभरि प्रख्यात रहेको
(ग) पर्यटन क्षेत्रको विकासमा मदत गरेको
(घ) आर्थिक विकासमा टेवा पुग्ने
(ङ) वातावरणीय सन्तुलन कायम हुन मदत पुग्ने ।
पाठ ८
अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय व्यक्तित्वहरू
१. हेनरी ड्युनाको जन्म र मृत्यु कहाँ र कहिले भएको थियो ?
Answer 👉 : हेनरी ड्युनाको जन्म सन् १८२८ मे ८ मा स्विटजरल्यान्डको जेनेभामा र मृत्यु सन् १९१० अक्टोबर ३० मा हेइडेन स्विटजरल्यान्डमा भएको थियो ।
२. हेनरी ड्युनाको कामबाट हामीले के के सिक्न सक्छौं, सूची बनाउनुहोस् ।
Answer 👉 : हेनरी ड्युनाको कामबाट मानव सेवा नै धर्म हो । सामाजिक सेवामा हामीले पनि सकेको योगदान गर्नुपर्छ । रेडक्रस जस्तो स्वयम्सेवी र मानवसेवी संस्थामा रहेर काम गर्नुपर्छ । मानव तथा समाजको लागि काम गर्ने व्यक्ति नै महान् बन्न सक्छ भन्ने प्रेरणा पाउन सक्छौं ।
३. मदर टेरेसा महान् समाजसेवी हुन् भन्ने कुरालाई प्रस्ट पार्नुहोस् ।
Answer 👉 : १२ वर्षको उमेरदेखि नै मानव सेवामा समर्पित हुने निधो गरेकी मदर टेरेसा भारतमा आएर गरिब, अनाथ र असहाय बालबालिकालाई शिक्षा दिने काम गर्न थालिन् । सन् १९४६मा कलकत्तामा भएको हिंसात्मक धार्मिक दङ्गाबाट पीडितलाई आपतकालीन सेवा प्रदान गरिन् । मिसिनरी अफ च्यारिटी संस्थाको स्थापना गरी गरिब, अनाथ, असहाय र दुःखीलाई आवास, शिक्षा, स्वास्थ्यलगायतका मानव सेवा उपलब्ध गराइन् । यसले आफ्नो सेवालाई निरन्तरता दिइरहेको छ । विभिन्न पुरस्कारबाट प्राप्त भएको रकम पनि यिनले संस्थामा नै राखेर मानव सेवामा लगाइन् । तसर्थ आजीवन मानव सेवामा निस्वार्थ जीवन व्यतीत गर्ने मदर टेरेसा महान् समाजसेवी हुन् ।
४. तपाईँका स्थानीय स्तरमा सामाजिक सङ्घसंस्था हुन सक्छन् । ती संस्थामा आबद्ध भई कसरी समाज सेवा गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ, किन ?
Answer 👉 : हाम्रो समुदायमा सामाजिक सङ्घसंस्था रहेका छन् । ती संस्थामा आबद्ध भई म समाज सेवा गर्न सक्छु । मेरो सामुदायमा सामुदायिक वन, युवाक्लब जस्ता संस्था रहेका छन् । यी संस्थामा आबद्ध भई म वनजङ्गल संरक्षण, वातावरण संरक्षण, सरसफाइ अभियान सञ्चालन, सबैलाई विद्यालय पठाउने अभियान आदि सञ्चालन गरी समाजसेवा गर्न सकिन्छ । यस्ता कार्यले समाजको प्रगति हुन्छ । राष्ट्र विकासको बाटोमा हिड्छ । असल र परिश्रमी व्यक्ति बन्न सकिन्छ ।
पाठ ९
स्काउट र अनुशासन
Answers
१. स्काउटका संस्थापक को हुन् ?
Answer 👉 : स्काउटका संस्थापक वेडेन पावेल हुन् ।
२. नेपाल स्काउटको स्थापना कहिले भएको हो ?
Answer 👉 : नेपाल स्काउटको स्थापना वि.सं. २००९ मा भएको हो ।
३. तपाईँको विद्यालयमा स्काउट छ कि छैन ? छ भने कुन कुन क्रियाकलाप सञ्चालित छन्, उल्लेख गर्नुहोस् ।
Answer 👉 : do yourself
४. स्काउटले चरित्र निर्माणमा कसरी सहयोग गर्छ ? उदाहरणसहित प्रस्ट पार्नुहोस् ।
Answer 👉 : स्काउटका विभिन्न नियम रहेका छन् । ती नियमको पालना हरेक स्काउटका सदस्यले गर्नुपर्छ । विश्वास, उपयोगी, सहयोगी, सबैको मित्र, भातृत्व, विनम्र, दयालु, अनुशासित, आज्ञाकारी, प्रसन्नता, मितव्ययी र मन, वचन र कर्ममा पवित्रता स्काउटका नियम हुन् । यी नियममा रहेर काम गर्ने हुनाले स्काउटले चरित्र निर्माणमा सहयोग गर्छ ।
Lesson 1
Our ideal behavior
1. What is judicial behavior?
Answer 👉 Judicial behavior is the behavior of sticking to the side of those who are in real trouble without taking anyone's side in the dispute in the community and solving it by trusting the other side.
2. Make a list of ways to follow judicial behavior.
Answer 👉 How to follow judicial behavior: Answer 👉
(a) Remain calm and composed
(b) Avoiding stress
(c) Having positive thinking
(d) Do not take any side
(e) Taking all parties into confidence
(f) To stick to the side of those who are in real trouble.
3. What is peace of mind?
Answer 👉 Mental peace is the state of remaining calm and restrained from stress and enhancing the environment of harmony and trust.
4. Why everyone likes a person with a calm and restrained behavior? Present your opinion.
Answer 👉 A person with calm and restrained behavior exhibits judicial behavior. Likewise, he resolves disputes carefully. Always thinks positively. Engages in creative work and demonstrates cooperation and empathy. Likewise, a person with a calm and restrained behavior respects the opinions of others. Therefore, everyone likes a person with a calm and restrained behavior.
5. The habit of being jealous of others and thinking harm is not good, why? Give your opinion.
Answer 👉 We should always display exemplary behavior. Adherence to human values such as kindness, compassion, humanity, equality, truth, fairness, calm and restraint, good speech makes us beloved by all. We are always under stress due to the habit of thinking about the harm of others and being jealous. No one likes us. Therefore, the habit of envying others and thinking ill of others is not good.
6. Suffering to animals is not good for humans, confirm this statement.
Answer 👉 Causing suffering to animals does not come under human value. We should be charitable. The welfare of all creatures should be remembered. Animals also have their own importance. Humans also need animals. Now the rights of animals are also becoming widespread. Therefore, causing suffering to animals is not good for humans.
7. Write how to resolve the dispute in the family.
Answer: Treating everyone equally, listening to each other, being restrained, managing stress and maintaining mental peace can resolve disputes in the family.
Lesson 2
Prevailing social traditions and customs in Nepal
1. What kind of tradition is Bheja?
Answer 👉 Bheja is the original tradition of the Magar community. In this custom, Sarobhai, that is, the brother who gives the gift, collects the cash and jinsi gachche needed to perform various rites to the respective families.
2. Write the importance of Parma tradition.
Answer 👉 It is a kind of good practice to take and give labor assistance in perm agriculture work. In this tradition, labor is exchanged equally from one family to another. This tradition is especially beneficial during times of conflict in agricultural work. In addition to this, families who do not have money can complete agricultural work by exchanging labor through this tradition. Therefore, the perma tradition is important.
3. Compare Guthi and Rodi traditions.
Answer 👉 Guthi is a popular tradition in Newari community while Rodi is a popular tradition in Gurung community. Guthi manages all the rituals from birth to death that are celebrated in the Newari community. This tradition has been working to protect, operate and maintain culture. Similarly, in the Rodi tradition, Gurung youths along with their parents attend the Rodi house and perform songs and dances. In addition to this, distribution of the work to be done tomorrow, advice to participate in the fair is also done on Rodi.
4. "Dhikar is a traditional practice of conducting economic activities of Thakalis." Confirm this statement.
Answer 👉 In the Dhikur tradition, a specified amount is collected from the people of the Thakali community. The lump sum collected is used by the designated members based on need and mutual agreement. This process is conducted so that all members can use the funds based on their needs. This practice is found to be very helpful in building capital and doing economic activities. Therefore Dhikur Parampara is the traditional practice of conducting the economic activities of the Thakalis.
5. Write any three advantages of Meijan tradition.
Answer 👉 The following are the three advantages of Maijan tradition: Answer 👉
(a) To elect a leader i.e. Meijan on the basis of mutual agreement
(b) To assist in the reconciliation of Bhaijhgara
(c) Protection of original traditions from birth to death.
6. Mention any three good aspects of Badghar tradition.
Answer 👉 Three good aspects of Badghar tradition: Answer 👉
(a) To lead the Tharu community
(b) Selection of the house will be done on the basis of consensus
(c) Reconciliation, development, protection and promotion of culture.
Lesson 3
Caste traditions and customs in Nepal
1. Why is Nepal called a multicultural country?
Answer 👉 Nepal is a multi-ethnic country. There are different traditions and customs of different castes here. All castes of Nepal have their own traditions, customs and rituals. The rituals followed from birth to death of each caste are different. Festivals, food, lifestyle are also diverse. So call Nepal a multicultural country It's gone.
2. Compare the birth, marriage and death rites of the Yadav and Brahmin castes.
Answer 👉 In the Yadav caste, chathiar is performed on the sixth day of the birth of a child as part of the birth rites, while there is a practice of marriage between different gotras of the same caste. Similarly, there is a tradition of burning the dead body on the river bank, wearing white cloth and shaving the hair, and doing kiriya karma on the 13th day after the death. As part of the birth rituals of the Brahmin caste, Nawaran is performed on the 11th day after the birth of a child, while marriage is also performed in a different caste and gotra. The death rites are compatible with the Yadav caste. There is a tradition of burning the dead body on the river bank, shaving the hair and wearing white clothes, doing kiriya on the 13th day after the death.
3. Mention the importance of caste tradition and culture.
Answer 👉 Importance of caste tradition and culture: Answer 👉
(a) Caste traditions and rituals are our original identity and pride.
(b) Caste traditions and customs have identified us as a multicultural country in the world.
(c) Income can be earned by promoting tourism.
(d) It has enriched the country culturally.
(e) On social cohesion, reconciliation and socialization
has reached
(f) Inspires self-respect and self-reliance.
4. Mention the role you play in preserving Nepali tradition and culture.
Answer 👉 The role I play in preserving Nepali tradition and culture is as follows: Answer 👉
(a) Adherence to fundamental traditions and rituals
(b) Awareness raising
(c) Relinquish fascination with foreign cultures
(d) To assist in the search for original traditions and rituals
(e) To play an essential role in the transmission of traditions.
Lesson 4
Our religious and cultural activities
1. Make a list of popular religions in Nepal.
Answer 👉 Popular religions in Nepal: Answer 👉
(a) Hindu (b) Buddhist (c) Kirant (d) Islam (e) Sikh (f) Jain (g) Christian (j) Nature (j) Bahai (j) Bon
2. Compare cultural and religious activities in Buddhism and Hinduism.
Answer 👉 Buddhists go to temples and shrines and worship and celebrate festivals like Buddha Jayanti. Promoting non-violence, following the truth, and conveying the message of the Buddha are the main religious activities of this religion. Similarly, Hindus go to monasteries and perform prayers and celebrate festivals like Dasain, Tihar, Teej, Chhath and Holi. Charity, donation, fasting are the main religious activities of this religion.
3. Write a paragraph on the religious and cultural activities of the followers of Kirant religion.
Answer 👉 Kirant religious people are nature worshippers. The religious book of this religion is Mundhum. Kirants mainly celebrate religious festivals like Paddy dance, Chandi dance. Similarly, Undhauli and Ubhauli festivals are cultural festivals of this religion. They worship Sumnima and Paruhang.
4. Write how religious activities prevalent in your community have helped to increase mutual harmony and brotherhood.
Answer 👉 The religious activities of various religions prevalent in my community are basically related to charity and service. There is a practice of inviting people from other religions in religious activities organized by one religion. With the feeling that all religions are equal, Hindus worship even Buddha as God. Similarly, Buddhists also respect the deities of Hinduism equally. Thus, the religious activities of various religions prevalent in my community have helped to increase mutual harmony and brotherhood.
Lesson 5
Unity in diversity
1. What is diversity?
Answer 👉 : Being not only the same or the same but different types is called diversity. Nepal is home to many religions. It became religious diversity. There are different types of landforms like mountains, hills, plains. This is geographical diversity.
2. "Nepal is a multi-lingual, multi-religious and multi-ethnic country." Confirm this statement.
Answer: More than 123 languages are spoken in Nepal. Different languages such as Nepali, Maithili, Bhojpuri, Tharu, Tamang, Newari etc. are spoken here. Similarly, there are people living in our country who follow more than ten religions. Religions such as Hinduism, Buddhism, Kirant, Islam etc. are considered here. Similarly, there are more than 125 castes of people living in this country including Brahmin, Chhetri, Magar, Tharu, Tamang, Newar, Kami, Muslim, Yadav, Rai etc. Therefore, Nepal is a multi-lingual, multi-religious and multi-ethnic country.
3. List any 8 national languages of Nepal.
Answer 👉: The 8 national languages of Nepal are as follows: Answer 👉
Nepali, Maithili, Bhojpuri, Tharu, Tamang, Newari (Nepal), Awadhi, Bajjika.
4. Confirm the statement 'unity in diversity is characteristic of Nepal' with examples.
Answer 👉 : Geographical, regional, religious, linguistic, class, gender, cultural, profession primitive diversity exists in Nepal. This is the original identity of Nepal. Even in the midst of all these diversity, there is a feeling that we are all Nepalis. Everyone respects each other's tradition, language, religion, culture and participates in each other's programs while protecting themselves. There is no mentality of division in the name of caste, language, religion etc. since ancient times. The sense of unity in this diversity is the model of Nepal in the world, it is the characteristic of Nepal.
Lesson 6
Social harmony, tolerance and unity in Nepal
1. Write any five ways to maintain social harmony.
Answer 👉 : Maintaining social harmony Ways to do it: Answer 👉
(a) Living together
(b) Supporting each other in happiness
(c) Participating in festivals
(d) Exchange of greetings
(e) Behaving tolerantly
(f) To respect diversity.
2. Write down the benefits of maintaining social cohesion.
Answer 👉: The benefits of maintaining social unity are as follows: Answer 👉
(a) Pride and identity are maintained.
(b) It is easy to make progress.
(c) There is no need to live in an atmosphere of fear.
(d) Social harmony is maintained.
(e) Society becomes stronger when unity is maintained.
(f) An atmosphere of self-respect is maintained in all.
3. Give examples of religious tolerance in Nepal.
Answer 👉: Examples of religious tolerance in Nepal: Answer 👉
(a) All religions have lived together since time immemorial
(b) Pratap Malla allowed the priest to stay in Kathmandu
(c) Prithvi Narayan Shah brought Muslim Kaligarh
(d) Having a mosque in the premises of the Janaki temple
(e) Mosques in Kathmandu
(f) Muktinath temple is the center of faith of Hindus and Buddhists.
4. 'Religious tolerance has united the Nepalese society.' Justify this statement with an example.
Answer 👉 : There are people who follow more than 10 religions in Nepal. People of different religions have been living together in Nepal since ancient times. Hindus, Buddhists, Muslims and other religions are living together with harmony and respect. There is no history of quarrels in the name of religion here. Pashupati, Swayambhunath, Muktinath have become the center of common faith of Hindus and Buddhists. There is a mosque in the Janaki temple complex. Everyone has respect in the mosque in Kathmandu, the city of temples and temples. Therefore, Nepali society has been united by religious tolerance.
Lesson 7
National Heritage of Nepal
1. What is heritage?
Answer 👉 : The important and protectable places, objects, art, culture, natural places, which carry national significance inherited from our forefathers and are our identity and pride, are called heritage.
2. Distinguish between natural and cultural heritage.
Answer: Natural resources are resources available in nature. Rivers, streams, lakes, forests, mountains, mountains etc. are examples of natural resources. In the same way, things like customs, culture, values and beliefs that have been practiced and used since the past are cultural heritage. Things like religious places, language, art, manners, lifestyle are examples of cultural heritage. Therefore, there is a difference in cultural and natural heritage.
3. Write the measures for protection of national heritage.
Answer 👉: The measures for protection of national heritage are as follows: Answer 👉
(a) Paying attention to the judicious use of wealth
(b) Prevent encroachment
(c) Cleanliness around the property
(d) To spread public awareness about the importance of heritage
(e) Renovation and reconstruction of dilapidated properties
(f) Avoid pollution.
4. 'Nepal's cultural heritage is the identity of Nepal.' Confirm the statement.
Answer 👉 : Nepal is a country with cultural diversity. There are many castes here. Those castes have their own customs, values, customs, manners, language etc. From the Terai to the Himalayas, there are many different cultures here. The diverse cultures of the Kathmandu Valley and the diversity of the Terai have made us a culturally rich country. Therefore, the cultural heritage of Nepal is the identity and pride of Nepal.
5. Write the importance of natural resources of Nepal.
Answer 👉: The importance of Nepal's natural heritage is as follows: Answer 👉
(a) Nepal has been recognized as a country full of natural diversity
(b) Being famous all over the world
(c) Helped in the development of the tourism sector
(d) Contribute to economic development
(e) To help maintain environmental balance.
Lesson 8
International personalities
1. Where and when was Henry Duna born and died?
Answer: Henry Duna was born on May 8, 1828 in Geneva, Switzerland and died on October 30, 1910 in Heiden, Switzerland.
2. List what we can learn from Henry Duna's work.
Answer 👉 : From the work of Henry Duna, human service is religion. We should also contribute as much as we can to social services. You should work in a voluntary and humanitarian organization like the Red Cross. We can get inspiration that only a person who works for humanity and society can become great.
3. Make it clear that Mother Teresa is a great social worker.
Answer: From the age of 12, Mother Teresa, who decided to devote herself to human service, came to India and started teaching poor, orphaned and helpless children. She provided emergency services to the victims of the violent religious riots in Calcutta in 1946. She established the Missionary of Charity organization and provided human services such as housing, education and health to the poor, orphans, helpless and distressed. It continues its service. She also kept the money received from various awards in the organization and used it for human services. Therefore, Mother Teresa, who spent her life selflessly in human service, is a great social worker.
4. There may be social organizations at your local level. How can you join that organization and serve the society, why?
Answer: There are social organizations in our community. I can do social service by joining that organization. Community forest in my community, youth club Jas There are organizations. By joining these organizations, I can do social service by conducting forest protection, environment protection, sanitation campaign, send everyone to school campaign etc. Such actions lead to the progress of the society. The nation is on the path of development. You can become a good and hardworking person.
Lesson 9
Scout and Discipline
Answers
1. Who is the founder of Scout?
Answer 👉 : The founder of Scout is Wayden Powell.
2. When was Nepal Scout established?
Answer 👉 : Nepal Scout was established in It happened in 2009.
3. Does your school have scouts? If so, mention which activities are being conducted.
Answer: Do it yourself
4. How does Scout help in character building? Explain with examples.
Answer 👉 : There are different rules of scout. Every member of the scout must follow these rules. Faithful, useful, helpful, friend to all, brotherly, humble, kind, disciplined, obedient, cheerful, thrifty and chastity in mind, word and deed are the rules of Scout. Scouts help in character building as they work according to these rules.
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